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Why Does the Ocean Appear in Different Colors Around the World?
by Charles Hays Anyone who has traveled by sea or along a coastline has noticed that the ocean does not look the same everywhere. Open Atlantic waters off the cont...
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What Is A Nautical Chart? Everything You Need to Know
by Charles Hays A nautical chart is the single most important document aboard any vessel. Unlike a road map, which shows highways and intersections, a nautical cha...
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Beginner's Guide to Navigating a Boat
by Charles Hays Navigating a boat is nothing like driving a car. On the water, there are no road signs, no lane markings, and no pavement to follow. Fog, darkness,...
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The Complete Marine Binoculars Guide for Boaters and Sailors
by Charles Hays A good pair of marine binoculars is one of the most practical tools aboard any vessel. Whether identifying a distant buoy in haze, reading the name...
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What Is Nautical Freeboard? A Guide
by Charles Hays Every vessel floating on water has a measurement that directly indicates how safe that vessel is in its current loaded condition. Freeboard, the ve...
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What Is AIS and How Does It Work? A Complete Guide
by Charles Hays The Automatic Identification System (AIS) is one of the most important pieces of navigation equipment aboard any commercial vessel. AIS broadcasts ...
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How to Navigate Fog at Sea: Safety Tips and Procedures
by Charles Hays Fog can reduce visibility from miles to meters in a matter of minutes. Unlike a storm, which announces itself with wind and waves, fog arrives quie...
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UNCLOS: The Law of the Sea Convention Explained
by Charles Hays Every maritime zone on a nautical chart, from territorial waters to the high seas, exists because of a single international treaty. The United Nati...
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Magnetic Variation vs Deviation: What Every Navigator Must Know
by Charles Hays A magnetic compass does not point to true north. Two separate errors, variation and deviation, pull the compass needle away from the direction sho...
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What Is GMDSS? Full Breakdown of the Maritime Distress and Safety System
by Charles Hays Before GMDSS existed, a vessel in distress had to rely on a nearby ship monitoring the same radio frequency at the right moment. The Global Maritim...
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